Psychological analysis of injuries in a first category softball national championship in Cuba

Introduction: the systematic analysis of the relationships between relevant psychological variables for sports performance and injuries is essential to contribute to their prevention in specific sports.Material and methodsa descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study was carried out in the first category women's national softball championship in Cuba. 88 athletes participated with an average chronological age of 22.91 (SD=6.13) and a sports experience of 10.83 years (SD=4.92). A specific questionnaire, the Competitive Sport Anxiety Inventory and the Psychological Inventory of Sport Execution was applied. Descriptive statistics and Kendall's Tau_b nonparametric correlation coefficient was used for data analysis.ResultsA high injury load was verified with a low perception of the role of psychological factors in its etiology, as well as a notable occurrence of new injuries with negative emotional repercussions. Negative correlations of self-confidence, negative coping control, visual-imaginative control, positive coping control, and attitude control with history of injuries were obtained. The high anxiety showed significant relationships with previous injuries and new injuries during the analyzed competition.Conclusionsthe findings are especially congruent with previous results in elite softball players, although new and greater relationships between variables were determined. All this means that stimulating psychological skills to control anxiety in competition could contribute to the prevention of injuries. However, longitudinal analyzes are required to confirm the predictive role of these variables before proposing psychological interventions in this regard. (AU)

V Coloquio Internacional de Psicología del Deporte Público REDDECA. Cuestionario de Burnout Deportivo (ABQ): análisis y validación en el deporte mexicano / V Coloquio Internacional de Psicología del Deporte Público REDDECA. Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ): analysis and validation in Mexican sports / V Coloquio Internacional de Psicología del Deporte Público REDDECA. Sports Burnout Questionarem (ABQ): análise e validação em esportes mexicanos

Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ; Raedeke y Smith, 2001) es un instrumento que mide el burnout específico en el deporte el cual se ha utilizado a nivel mundial. En México aún no se cuenta con un estudio que valide sus propiedades psicométricas, por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es validar el Cuestionario de Burnout Deportivo (ABQ) en el contexto mexicano, mediante el análisis de fiabilidad, validez factorial de segundo orden e invarianza factorial por género. Se evaluó a 2,612 deportistas con la versión al castellano (Balaguer, Castillo, Duda, Quested y Morales, 2011) del Cuestionario del Burnout Deportivo (ABQ; Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, Raedeke y Smith, 2001). Los resultados muestran fiabilidad; se confirma una estructura factorial de segundo orden y las cargas factoriales e interceptos se consideran invariantes entre hombres y mujeres. Se concluye que el ABQ es instrumento apropiado para las investigaciones e intervenciones en el deporte del contexto mexicano

Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ, Raedeke and Smith, 2001) is an instrument that measures burnout in sport, widely spread and used worldwide. In Mexico there is still no study to validate its psychometric properties. Therefore, the objective of this study is to validate Cuestionario de Burnout Deportivo, evaluating reliability, factorial validity and factorial invariance by gender. We evaluated 2612 athletes with spanish version (Balaguer, Castillo, Duda, Quested and Morales, 2011) of Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). The results show satisfactory levels of reliability, a second-order factor structure is confirmed and factor charges and intercepts are considered invariant between men and women. It is concluded that ABQ is an appropriate instrument for research and interventions in sport of Mexican context

Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ; Raedeke e Smith, 2001) é um instrumento que mede o burnout específico no esporte, amplamente difundido e usado em todo o mundo. No México ainda não tem um estudo para validar as suas propriedades psicométricas, por conseguinte, o objectivo deste estudo consiste em validar o Questionário de neutralização Deportivo (ABQ) no contexto mexicano, avaliar a fiabilidade, validade fatorial de segunda ordem e a invariância fatorial por gênero. Foram avaliadas; 2612 atletas para a versão castelhana (Balaguer, Castillo, Duda, Quested e Morales, 2011) Burnout Questionário Deportivo (ABQ, Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, Raedeke e Smith de 2001). Os resultados mostram níveis satisfatórios de confiabilidade. A estrutura fatorial, cargas fatoriais e interceptos são considerados invariantes entre homens e mulheres. ABQ conclui-se que o instrumento adequado para pesquisas e intervenções no esporte do contexto mexicano

Relación del índice de masa corporal, percepción de peso y variables relacionadas con los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en estudiantes universitarios / Relation of the body mass index, weight perception and variables related to eating disorder in university students

Introducción: Existen diferentes factores que pueden determinar el origen de los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA). Podemos destacar entre ellos presentar un elevado Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y una percepción distorsionada del propio peso, ya que ambos pueden conducir a la insatisfacción corporal y a la realización de conductas nocivas de alto riesgo. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el IMC, la percepción de peso y determinados factores psicológicos de los TCA, en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Participaron 248 estudiantes universitarios, con una edad media de 23,43 años. El 10,1% presenta algún tipo de delgadez o bajo peso, y el 17,9% muestran sobrepeso. Se empleó el Inventario de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (EDI-3), un cuestionario ad hoc de percepción de peso y se obtuvo el IMC. Resultados: Se registran correlaciones significativas de signo positivo entre el IMC y obsesión por la delgadez e insatisfacción corporal en mujeres, sujetos con sobrepeso y quienes consideran deben perder peso. Existen diferencias significativas entre los sujetos con sobrepeso y las escalas de obsesión por la delgadez, insatisfacción corporal, bulimia, perfeccionismo y ascetismo. Los sujetos con deseo de perder peso presentan mayor obsesión por la delgadez, la bulimia, la insatisfacción corporal y la baja autoestima. Conclusiones: Un mayor IMC se relaciona con una mayor obsesión por la delgadez e insatisfacción corporal, factores de riesgo de TCA, mostrando los sujetos mayor preocupación por el cuerpo, las dietas y miedo a engordar, además de descontento con la forma de su cuerpo. Estas características también son definitorias de sujetos con sobrepeso y quienes afirman su necesidad por perder peso (AU)

Introduction: There are many factors that can influence the origin of eating disorders. We would like to highlight a high Body Mass Index (BMI) and a distorted weight perception, These as both can induce lead to body dissatisfaction and high risk conducts. Objective: To analyze the relationship between body mass index, weight perception and certain psychological factors of eating disorders in college students. Methods: 248 students took part, with an average age of 23.43 years. 10.1% of the sample had low weight and 17.9% was overweight. The Inventory of Eating Disorders (EDI-3) and a questionnaire on weight perception were used and the body mass index was obtained. Results: There are significant positive correlations between the BMI, the obsession for being thin and body dissatisfaction in women, as well as between overweight participants and those who consider they should lose weight. Besides, there are significant differences in overweight participants regarding obsession for being thin, body dissatisfaction, bulimia, perfectionism and ascetism. The participants that wish to lose weight show a higher obsession for being thin, bulimia, body dissatisfaction and low self-esteem. Conclusions: A higher body mass index is related to a more significant obsession for being thin, body dissatisfaction and eating disorder risk factors. These students are more worried about their body, dieting and fear of getting fat, they are also dissatisfied with their body shape. These characteristics also define overweight respondents and those that confirm their need to lose weight (AU)

Características psicológicas asociadas a la incidencia de lesiones en deportistas de modalidades individuales / Psychological characteristics associated with the incidence of sports injuries in athletes of individual sport

Las lesiones deportivas son una de las consecuencias más negativas que se derivan de la práctica deportiva. Son múltiples los factores que pueden estar en su origen, creciendo el interés en la búsqueda de las variables psicológicas que se encuentran asociados a su producción. En el presente estudio se evaluó a 84 deportistas de cuatro disciplinas individuales, de diferentes categorías de competición y nivel competitivo. Se registran 247 lesiones en el período de dos años, una media de 2.94 por deportista (1.47 por año), existiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las medias de lesiones de los cuatro deportes estudiados. Los deportistas de mayor edad sufren más lesiones, al igual que aquellos de mayor nivel de rendimiento. Mediante la administración del 16PF-5, IPED y SCAT, se obtiene que los deportistas con bajas puntuaciones en Estabilidad Emocional y Control de Afrontamiento Negativo, y altas en Ansiedad, presentan un mayor promedio de lesiones. Los sujetos sin lesiones se diferencian de los lesionados por mayores niveles de Estabilidad Emocional, Privacidad y Apertura al cambio, Control de Afrontamiento, y menores de Ansiedad. Existen correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el número de lesiones y las puntuaciones de Estabilidad Emocional, Tensión, Aprensión, Ansiedad, y ansiedad rasgo competitiva (AU)

Sports injuries are one of the most negative consequences resulting from the practice of sports. There are many factors that may cause them, and right now there is growing interest in the psychological variables associated to their causes. The present study evaluated 84 athletes from four individual disciplines, different categories of competition and competitive level. 247 injuries were recorded during a two-year period with an average of 2.94 per athlete (1.47 per year). Statistically significant differences between the four studied sports injuries have been found. The older athletes suffered more injuries, as well as those with higher levels of performance. By administering the 16PF-5, IPED and SCAT, we find that athletes with low scores on Emotional Stability and Negative Energy Control, and high scores in Anxiety, have a higher injury rate. No injured subjects present a difference with the injured ones in their higher levels of Emotional Stability, Privateness and Openness to change, Control Coping, as well as in their lower Anxiety levels. Statistically significant correlations exist between the number of injuries and the athletes’ scores in Emotional Stability, Tension, Apprehension, Anxiety, and competitive trait anxiety (AU)

Habilidades psicológicas fundamentales en las Luchas Olímpicas / Fundamental psychological skills in Olympic Wrestling

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las posibles diferencias en determinadas habilidades psicológicas fundamentales para el rendimiento deportivo en practicantes de luchas olímpicas a nivel competitivo (96 luchadores/as del programa nacional de tecnificación deportiva en las categorías cadete y juvenil de la Federación Española de Luchas Olímpicas). El estudio examina igualmente la relevancia de las variables sexo del deportista y su nivel competitivo (Élite o Amateur) en dichas diferencias. A través de la aplicación del Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva (IPED), adaptación del PPI de Loehr, se obtienen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en Nivel Motivacional, con puntuaciones superiores de las mujeres, y en Autoconfianza donde los luchadores de nivel Élite promedian puntuaciones superiores a los Amateur, tanto en hombres como en mujeres (AU)

This study was undertaken to determine differences in certain psychological skills critical to the sport performance in competitive Olympic wrestling athletes (96 male and female wrestlers within the youth national program in cadet and junior categories of the Spanish Wrestling Federation. This study also analyzes the possible effects of the sex and the competitive level (elite or amateur) in these differences. Through the implementation of the Sport Psychological Performance Inventory, adaptation of the Loehr questionnaire, women showed significantly higher values in motivational and self-confidence levels compared to male wrestlers, as well as significantly higher values in self-confidence for male and female elite wrestlers compared to their respective amateurs groups (AU)

Factores físicos y psicológicos predictores del éxito en lucha olímpica / Physical and psychological factors in predicting olympic wrestling performance

Este estudio se llevó a cabo para determinar los componentes del rendimiento físico, psicológico y antropométrico relacionados con el éxito en Lucha olímpica. Treinta y siete luchadores varones de las especialidades de Libre olímpica y Grecorromana fueron divididos en dos grupos de acuerdo a su nivel competitivo: Élite (n = 18) y Amateur (n = 19). Todos los sujetos fueron sometidos a una valoración antropométrica, a una completa batería de test físicos (test de fuerza dinámica e isométrica máxima, potencia muscular, test wingate de brazos, velocidad de desplazamiento y de extensibilidad isquiosural) así como a una valoración de sus características psicológicas asociadas al rendimiento deportivo mediante el Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva. Los luchadores de élite presentaron niveles superiores en edad, experiencia en el entrenamiento, masa libre de grasa, fuerza dinámica e isométrica máxima, potencia mecánica máxima, potencia y capacidad anaeróbica del test wingate, así como autopercepciones significativamente superiores en autoconfianza, control actitudinal y en la media total del sumatorio de todas las escalas. Estos resultados sugieren que la optimización del metabolismo anaeróbico y neuromuscular, así como determinadas variables psicológicas asociadas al rendimiento deportivo son condicionales y por lo tanto predictoras del éxito en Lucha olímpica (AU)

This study was undertaken to analyse differences in physical, psychological and anthropometric markers related to success in olympic wrestling. Thirty seven male Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers were assigned to two groups according to their competitive level: Elite (n = 18) and Amateur (n = 19). All the subjects underwent an anthropometric assessment, a complete physical fitness test battery (maximal dynamic and isometric strength, muscle power output, crank-arm wingate test, running speed and hamstring extensibility) as well as a psychological characteristics assessment associated with sport performance through the Psychological Performance Inventory. The elite wrestlers were older, had more training experience, a fat free mass, maximal dynamic and isometric strength, muscle power, mean and peak power during wingate testing and significantly higher self- perceptions of self-control, attitude control and the total average of the sum of all the scales. These results suggest that the optimisation of neuromuscular and anaerobic metabolism and several psychological performance markers are conditional and thus predictive of success in wrestling (AU)